Period 5- Industrial and Global Connections (C. 1750-1900 CE)
SNAPSHOT
- Early Industrial Revolution/evolution in Great Britain
- Ethnocentric Qing China (Manchus) facing domestic crises
- large, decentralizing and weakening, Ottoman empire w/ disengaged sultans
- Russia - huge land based empire, partially westernized by Peter the Great, Catherine the Great
- Absolute and constitutional monarchs in Europe
- Ireland, coastal India, Caribbean islands key peripheries in maritime British Empire
- Large Spanish and Portuguese peripheries in Americas
- Feudalistic, isolated, peaceful, and relatively prosperous Tokugawa Shogunate - Japan
- Extensive slave and other product trade in Atlantic Ocean
- Seven Years War - global British and French conflict
- Most American colonists perceive themselves as loyal British citizens
- European/western birth rate declining (slowing population growth rate) - migrations to colonies
Key Concept 5.1. Industrialization and Global Capitalism
Industrialization fundamentally altered the production of goods around the world. It not only changed how goods were produced and consumed, as well as
what was considered a “good,” but it also had far reaching effects on the global economy, social relations and culture. Although it is common to speak of an
“Industrial Revolution,” the process of industrialization was a gradual one that unfolded over the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, eventually
becoming global.
what was considered a “good,” but it also had far reaching effects on the global economy, social relations and culture. Although it is common to speak of an
“Industrial Revolution,” the process of industrialization was a gradual one that unfolded over the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, eventually
becoming global.
(The banner below takes you to a detailed explantation of Industrialization and Its Effects C. 1750-1900 CE)
Key Concept 5.2. Imperialism and Nation-State
Formation
As states industrialized during this period, they also expanded their existing overseas colonies and established new types of colonies and transoceanic empires. Regional warfare and diplomacy both resulted in and were affected by this process of modern empire building. The process was led mostly by Europe, although not all states were affected equally, which led to an increase of European influence around the world. The United States and Japan also participated in this process. The growth of new empires challenged the power of existing land-based empires of Eurasia. New ideas about nationalism, race, gender, class, and culture also developed that facilitated the spread of transoceanic empires, as well as justified anti-imperial resistance and the formation of new national identities.
(The banner below takes you to a detailed explantation of Western Imperialism C. 1750-1900 CE)
Key Concept 5.3. Nationalism, Revolution, and Reform
The eighteenth century marked the beginning of an intense period of revolution and rebellion against existing governments, and the establishment of new nation-states around the world. Enlightenment thought and the resistance of colonized peoples to imperial centers shaped this revolutionary activity. These rebellions sometimes resulted in the formation of new states and stimulated the development of new ideologies. These new ideas in turn further stimulated the revolutionary and antiimperial tendencies of this period.
(The banner below takes you to a detailed explanation of nationalism, revolutions and reform)
Key Concept 5.4 Global Migration c1750-c.1900Global Migration
Migration patterns changed dramatically throughout this period, and the numbers of migrants increased significantly. These changes were closely connected to the development of transoceanic empires and a global capitalist economy. In some cases, people benefited economically from migration, while other people were seen simply as commodities to be transported. In both cases, migration produced dramatically different societies for both sending and receiving societies, and presented challenges to governments in fostering national identities and regulating the flow of people.
(Click on the banner below to a detailed explanation on global migration between 1750 to 1900)
review_guide_1750-1914.doc | |
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